When using automated scripts to crawl the content of other people's websites, some measures do need to be taken to avoid being discovered or blocked by the target website. Here are some common strategies： ### 1. **Comply with the website's'robots. txt' file** - **`robots. txt`** is a file used by a website to indicate which pages can be crawled by crawlers and which pages cannot be crawled. Compliance with the provisions of this document can reduce the risk of being banned. ### 2. **Limit the frequency of requests** -**Reduce the frequency of requests**: Do not send requests too frequently to avoid excessive load on the server. You can set the delay (such as'time. sleep()`) to simulate human browsing behavior. -**Randomize the request interval**: Add a random delay between requests to avoid fixed request patterns being detected. ### 3. **Use proxy IP** -**Rotating IP addresses**: Use a proxy IP pool to rotate the requested IP addresses to avoid a single IP address being detected and blocked. -**Choose a high-quality proxy**: Use high-quality proxy services and avoid using publicly available free proxying, because these proxying may have been blacklisted by the target website. ### 4. **Simulate browser behavior** -**Set User-Agent**: Set different'user-Agent` in the request header to simulate different browsers and devices, and avoid using the default crawler ID. -**Simulate a complete HTTP request**: it includes header information such as'reference` and`Accept-Language` to make the request look more like it was sent by a real user. ### 5. **Processing of cookies and sessions** -**Manage Cookies**: Correctly process and store cookies to simulate the user's session behavior. -**Use the session object**: Use'requests. Session()'to maintain the session and avoid re-establishing the connection every time you request it. ### 6. **Handle JavaScript rendering** -**Use a headless browser**: For websites that need to execute JavaScript, you can use a headless browser (such as Selenium and Puppeteer) to simulate user behavior. -**Simulate mouse movement and click**: Simulate the user's mouse movement and click behavior in a headless browser to further reduce the risk of being detected. ### 7. **Avoid grabbing sensitive data** -**Do not grab sensitive information**: Avoid grabbing sensitive content such as personal data and login information, which not only violates the law, but also easily attracts the attention of website administrators. ### 8. **Monitor and adjust** -**Monitor signs of being blocked**: If the request is rejected or the IP is blocked, adjust the strategy in time. -**Dynamically adjust the crawling strategy**: According to the anti-crawling mechanism of the target website, dynamically adjust the crawling frequency, proxy IP and other parameters. ### 9. **Legal compliance** -**Comply with laws and regulations**: Ensure that your crawling behavior complies with local laws and website terms and conditions. Unauthorized crawling may violate the law or the terms of use of the website. ### 10. **Communicate with the website administrator** -**Obtain permission**: Where possible, communicate with the website administrator to obtain permission to crawl content to avoid being blocked. ### 11. **Use distributed crawlers** -**Distributed crawling**: Use multiple servers or devices for distributed crawling to reduce the frequency of requests for a single IP and reduce the risk of being blocked. ### 12. **Use API** -**Use the official API**: If the target website provides an API, give priority to using the API to obtain data and avoid directly grabbing the content of the web page. ### 13. **Process verification code** -**Automatic recognition of verification codes**: Use OCR technology or third-party services (such as 2Captcha) to automatically recognize and process verification codes to avoid being blocked by verification codes. ### 14. **Simulate geographic location** -**Simulate different geographic locations**: If the target website provides different content based on the geographic location, you can simulate different geographic locations through proxy IP or browser settings. ### 15. **Avoid repeated grabbing** -**Reprocessing**: Avoid repeatedly grabbing the same content and reduce unnecessary requests. Through the comprehensive use of these strategies, the risk of being discovered or blocked by the target website can be significantly reduced. However, it should be noted that there is no way to fully guarantee that it will not be discovered, so when using automated scripts to grab content, be cautious and comply with relevant laws and ethics.