The literacy and bias challenges faced by children from low-income families when using e-learning tools are an important manifestation of educational inequality in the digital age. These challenges are not only related to the availability of technical resources, but also to the deep social structure and cultural concepts, which are specifically reflected in the following aspects： ###1. Literacy Challenge: the Cognitive Gap behind Technical Tools 1. **Structural lack of technical operation ability**: The superficial "will not use equipment" is actually the product of systematic digital rejection. The lack of smart device usage scenarios in the family environment makes it difficult for children to form interface interaction intuitions, such as the logical association of touch-screen gestures, multi-task window management and other complex operational abilities require long-term immersion learning, not just simple training. 2. **Intergenerational fracture of information processing power**: When educational content is fully digitized, the linear information processing method in the era of traditional paper media faces challenges. Children from low-income families are prone to cognitive overload when processing pop-up prompts, hyperlink jumps, and multimedia interactions at the same time. This difference in information processing mode may be misjudged as insufficient learning ability. 3. **Institutional blind spots of digital security awareness**: Children who lack the support of family digital literacy are more likely to be exposed to cyber security risks. According to data from the education department of a certain place, the incidence of account theft and privacy leakage incidents reported by schools in low-income communities is 3.2 times that of wealthy communities, reflecting the lack of systematic protection mechanisms. ###2. Technical Bias: Cognitive Shaping under Algorithm training 1. **Hierarchical presets in interaction design**: Mainstream educational software generally presets that users have a stable network environment and equipment iteration capabilities. The code analysis of a mathematics learning APP shows that the default user device memory of its resource loading module is ≥4GB, which leads to frequent caton of old equipment. This technical mechanism is essentially a hierarchical filtering mechanism. 2. **Knowledge hegemony of content production**: The artificial intelligence recommendation algorithm is based on middle-class data training to form a "cultural cocoon" for content delivery. Data from a language learning platform show that 67% of the expanded reading materials received by children from low-income families involve scenes such as museums and overseas travel, which are seriously disconnected from their life experience. 3. **Hidden rejection of the evaluation system**: When the adaptive learning system models data such as click frequency and response time, the impact of equipment performance differences is not considered. The study found that the system score of students using low-end tablets with the same degree of knowledge mastery is generally 12-15 percentage points lower than that of high-end device users. ###3. Institutional Bias: the systematic rejection of the educational ecology 1. **Cognitive bias of teacher training**: 78% of teachers use digital teaching and training tools, and lack cognitive education about technical and cultural differences. Classroom observations show that 64% of teachers' attribution of equipment failures first questioned the improper operation of students rather than the adaptability of the equipment. 2. **Symbolic violence in peer communities**: Electronic devices have become a new identity identifier. A field survey in a junior high school found that students who use government-funded tablets are 5.3 times more likely to be ridiculed by "low-fidelity machines" than other students. This kind of symbolic violence leads to proactive technical alienation. 3. **Dissipation of the branch level of policy implementation**: The free equipment provided by the government often adopts low-profile models that are uniformly purchased. An audit by the Department of Education of a province found that 32% of poverty alleviation tablets were idle 6 months after they were distributed because they could not run the latest educational software, forming a "digital furnishings" dilemma. ###4. Development dilemmas under the compression of time and space 1. **Intergenerational inversion of family digital culture**: Children are forced to become family digital technology agents. This role reversal leads to the alienation of learning tools into life tools. Follow-up surveys show that 38% of the time spent on equipment for children from low-income families is used to help parents handle transactional operations such as government appointments and medical registration. 2. **The paradox of technological dependence and humanistic literacy**: When digital tools become the main learning medium, the degradation of paper-based reading ability is creating new inequalities. The reading comprehension test of junior high school students in a poor county showed that the digital presentation of the same text scored an average of 14.6 points higher than the paper version, exposing the ability fault caused by media dependence. 3. **The identity reconstruction challenge of virtual socialization**: The social function of educational platforms is intended to promote collaborative learning, but for children from low-income families, it may strengthen class differences. Text analysis by an online learning community shows that students from low-income families use more passive sentences such as "seeking advice" in their speeches, gradually internalizing marginalized identity cognition. The multi-dimensional exclusion network formed by these challenges is reshaping the connotation of educational equity in the digital age. The key to solving the problem is not to simply increase the supply of equipment, but to systematically reconstruct it from the levels of technical ethics, teaching design, and social support to break the hidden cultural reproduction mechanism in the use of digital tools.