Here are some common strategies that may be used to spread false information on online platforms to influence public opinion: 1. Create and publish misleading content • Use fictitious facts, out-of-context or fractured narratives to make it difficult for the audience to distinguish true from false. • Edit, splice or take out-of-context real information before publishing it, making it very different from the original meaning. 2. Use visual and audio processing technology • Create doctored pictures, videos or audio (such as Deepfake technology) to make false information more convincing and spreadable. • Use charts or data images to mislead, and use professional appearance to increase the credibility of information. 3. Spread emotional and inflammatory content • Use exaggerated and sensational language to provoke strong emotions such as panic, distrust or anger. • Design topics to resonate with group emotions and make information spread quickly among specific groups. 4. Establish false sources and identities • Pretend to be official institutions, experts and scholars or respected media to increase the influence of information by imitating more credible identities. • Create fake social media accounts, online trolls or fake comments to create the illusion of "broad consensus". 5. Use algorithms and automated tools • Use robots (bots) and automated tools to spread information on a large scale, thereby disrupting the normal information dissemination mechanism. • Target the recommendation algorithms of social networking platforms to increase the visibility of false information through frequent posting and mutual forwarding. 6. Use "echo chambers" and information filtering • Strengthen specific information in specific online communities or forums, create information echo chambers, and make users only exposed to a single tendency of views for a long time. • Use the filtering mechanism of social media platforms to marginalize different opinions and achieve the purpose of manipulating public opinion. 7. Cross-platform collaborative operations • Premeditatedly publish and push similar content on multiple platforms at the same time to create the illusion of information flooding. • Coordinate "trolls" to forward, comment, like and other operations on major platforms to quickly increase the breadth and credibility of information dissemination. 8. Target specific groups for precision marketing • Analyze audience portraits and tailor content that is easy to resonate with, so as to inspire the recognition and trust of specific groups. • Use targeted advertising and other means to accurately push false information to audiences who may be more susceptible. These strategies may be used alone or in combination to form a set of systematic information operation methods. Understanding these methods is of great significance for the public to improve media literacy and distinguish the authenticity of information, and also provides a reference for platform supervision and policy formulation.