The design of a biochemical agent that maintains potency and stability under a wide range of climatic conditions requires comprehensive consideration of molecular structure optimization, protective agent addition, delivery system design and environmental adaptability strategies. The following are systematic solutions： --- ### **1. Molecular structure optimization** -**Enhanced thermal stability** - **Protein engineering**: Introduce disulfide bonds, increase hydrophobic cores or hydrogen bonds through targeted mutations (such as enzyme transformation from thermophilic bacteria). -**Nucleic acid aptamer design**: Use chemical modifications (such as 2'-fluoronucleosides) to improve the resistance of RNA/DNA to hydrolysis and thermal degradation. -**Anti-environmental pressure design** -**Anti-ULTRAVIOLET structure**: Introduce aromatic amino acids (such as tryptophan) to absorb ultraviolet rays, or integrate photoremediases (such as photolytic enzymes). -**Wide pH adaptability**: Optimize isoelectric points or introduce pH buffer domains, such as polymer protein complexes. --- ### **2. Protective agent and formula optimization** -**Stabilizer added** -**Dehydration protection**: Trehalose, sucrose and other sugars maintain the structural integrity of the dehydrated state. -**Antioxidant system**: Add ascorbic acid, glutathione or enzymes (such as catalase). -**Buffer system**: Phosphate or Tris buffer maintains stable pH. -**Anti-ultraviolet additives** -Nano titanium dioxide (TIO₂) or zinc oxide (ZnO) coatings, or organic absorbers (such as benzotriazoles). --- ### **3. Delivery system packaging** -**Microencapsulation technology** -**Material selection**: Polylactic acid (PLA), chitosan or liposomes are wrapped in biochemical agents to control the release rate. -**Multi-layer coating**: Trehalose stabilizes molecules in the inner layer, a hydrophobic coating is added to the outer layer to prevent moisture, and the surface is coated with ultraviolet absorbers. -**Nanocarrier** -Use silica nano-particles or metal organic frames (MOFs) to improve load efficiency and environmental shielding. --- ### **4. Environmental adaptability strategy** -**Temperature adaptation** -The freeze-drying process (freeze-drying) extends the storage stability and restores the activity after rehydration. -Add cryoprotectants (such as glycerin) to prevent freeze-thaw damage. -**Humidity control** -Hydrophobic carriers (such as polycaprolactone) reduce moisture penetration, or add hygroscopic agents such as silicone. --- ### **5. Testing and optimization** -**Accelerated aging experiment** -Simulate extreme climates (high temperature and humidity, ultraviolet radiation, repeated freezing and thawing) to verify stability. -**Activity monitoring** -Regularly test the effectiveness of biochemical agents (such as enzyme activity and drug release efficiency). --- ### **6. Application example** -**Weather-resistant enzyme preparations**： 1. **Modification of thermal stability**: High temperature resistant proteases are obtained through directional evolution. 2. **Formula**: Mixed with trehalose and mannitol, encapsulated in PLA microspheres. 3. **Coating**: The surface is coated with a zinc oxide nano-layer to protect against ultraviolet rays. 4. *****: Slow-release microspheres are gradually released in the soil to adapt to drought and rainy environments. --- ###**Challenges and countermeasures** -**Compatibility verification**: Ensure that there is no interaction between stabilizers, carriers and biochemical agents (for example, protein folding is analyzed by circular chromatographic analysis). -**Cost control**: Choose materials (such as chitosan) and processes (spray drying) that can be produced on a large scale. -**Ecological safety**: Use biodegradable materials (such as PLA) to avoid environmental residues. Through multi-disciplinary and cross-cutting strategies (molecular biology, materials science, and formulation engineering), robust biochemical agents that adapt to global climate change can be designed.