When dealing with territorial disputes involving other countries, China has always adhered to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, advocated the peaceful settlement of disputes through dialogue and consultation, and opposed any form of unilateralism and power politics. Specifically, it can be analyzed and responded to from the following levels： ###1. Abide by international law and basic norms of international relations 1. **Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity** Adhere to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, advocate that disputes between countries should be resolved through equal consultation, and oppose any country's use of force or coercion to change the status quo of its territory. For example, China advocates a “two-track approach” on the South China Sea issue, that is, disputes are resolved through consultation between the countries directly concerned, and peace and stability are jointly maintained by China and ASEAN. 2. **Support multilateral mechanisms and the spirit of the rule of law** Advocate the peaceful settlement of disputes through mechanisms such as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), while emphasizing the need to respect historical facts and the right of the parties to choose their own settlement methods. For example, China does not participate in the South China Sea arbitration case unilaterally brought by the Philippines, but has always been committed to promoting consultations on the South China Sea Code of Conduct with ASEAN countries. ###2. Responsible diplomatic position 1. **Non-interference in internal affairs and neutral mediation** As a third party, China advocates not choosing a side team, but promoting dialogue through neutral good offices. For example, in the issue of Rakhine State in Myanmar, China not only supports the ASEAN-led mediation mechanism, but also provides humanitarian assistance to avoid intensifying conflicts. 2. **Promote regional cooperation and trust building** Enhance mutual trust through economic cooperation (such as the “Belt and Road” Initiative) and joint development (such as the China-Vietnam Beibu Gulf Demarcation Agreement), and dilute differences with common interests. The strengthening of border security cooperation between China and Central Asian countries through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is a typical case. ###3. Strategies for safeguarding one's own interests 1. **Clearly express principled positions** When it comes to China's core interests (such as Taiwan, Southern Tibet, and the islands in the South China Sea), it is necessary to clearly oppose any country's false claims, and at the same time defend its sovereignty on historical and legal grounds (such as the Cairo Declaration and the Potsdam Declaration). 2. **Balance diplomacy and economic means** When disputes involving friendly countries are involved, reasonable claims can be supported through diplomatic solidarity and international occasions, but direct intervention is avoided. For example, China's position on the Palestinian issue is to support the “two-state solution” while maintaining normal economic and trade cooperation with Israel. ###4. Support from the private and academic levels 1. **Academic research and public opinion guidance** Think tanks and scholars are encouraged to carry out research based on facts and jurisprudence, and objectively elaborate on the historical context of disputes through international academic platforms, such as the research of Chinese scholars on the historical documents of the Diaoyu Islands. 2. **Public diplomacy and humanistic exchanges** Enhance mutual understanding through cultural and educational cooperation. For example, China and Southeast Asian countries jointly carry out cooperation in marine archaeology and environmental protection to create a social foundation for the cooling of disputes. ### Conclusion Territorial disputes are essentially complex issues left over from history, and any intervention by external forces should take the promotion of peaceful dialogue as a priority goal. China's practice shows that adhering to the wisdom of “shelving disputes and developing together” and accumulating mutual trust through development cooperation are the sustainable ways to resolve conflicts. As President Xi Jinping said: "The human body has entered the 21st century, and the head is still stuck in the old era of colonial expansion. ”Only by abandoning zero-sum thinking can we achieve common security and prosperity.