Whether there are distortions caused by political influence in the historical narrative of the 1911 Revolution is a complex and multi-dimensional issue. The following analyzes the possibility of this problem from different levels： ###1. The influence of political positions on historical writing 1. **Kuomintang Perspective**： -The mainland before 1949 and the Kuomintang regime after the relocation of Taiwan have long shaped the 1911 Revolution as a "successful practice of the Three-people revolution", emphasizing the orthodoxy of Sun Yat-sen's leadership and weakening the contributions of other revolutionary groups (such as the Guangfu Hui and the Huaxing Hui). -During the Chiang Kai-shek period, through works such as "The Destiny of China", the Kuomintang constructed a narrative of the only legitimate successor of the 1911 Revolution, excluding the Communist Party from the revolutionary pedigree. 2. **The evolution of the Communist Party's narrative**： -The Yan'an Period (1930s-1940s) recognized the nature of the bourgeois democratic revolution of the 1911 Revolution, but criticized its inconclusiveness. Mao Zedong positioned it as the end of the "old Democratic Revolution" in his "New Theory of Democracy". -After the reform and opening up (from the 1980s to the present), the historical progress of the 1911 Revolution has gradually been recognized. In 2001, Hu Jintao used the reference to the "Great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation" for the first time in his commemorative speech, incorporating the 1911 Revolution into the continuum of the CCP's historical legitimacy. ###2. The phased characteristics of historical writing 1. **The early years of the Republic of China (1912-1927)**： -During the period of the Beiyang Government, there were multiple interpretations, both republican discourse and royalist intellectuals' reflections on the destructive nature of the revolution. -Intellectuals of the New Cultural Movement (such as Chen Duxiu) regard the 1911 Revolution as an "unfinished enlightenment." 2. **During the War of Resistance (1931-1945)**： -The Communist Party of China and the two parties jointly strengthened the narrative of "revolutionary nation-building" and shaped the 1911 Revolution as a milestone in the salvation of the nation. In 1938, the national Government designated the Double Tenth Festival as a "National Day" to strengthen the legitimacy of the War of Resistance. 3. **Cold War period (1949-1991)**： -The mainland historiography adopts the "Climax Theory of the Three Revolutions" (proposed by Hu Xuan in 1954) and regards the 1911 Revolution as the apex of the old democratic Revolution. -In the 1970s, Taiwan adopted the textbook system of "The Thoughts of the Founding Father" to build a historical and geographic connection between the "Taipei—Wuchang Uprising". ###3. Narrative Differentiation after the Partition of the Two Sides 1. **Taiwan's transformation**： -After the rotation of political parties in 2000, the Democratic Progressive Party government promoted the "de-Sinicization" of historical education. In 2019, the curriculum changed the "Xinhai Revolution" to the "Wuchang Uprising", emphasizing "Taiwan's subjectivity". -However, Lanying scholars still adhere to the discourse of "the 1911 Revolution established Asia's first democratic republic", such as Ma Ying-jeou's proposal in 2011 during the centennial that "The Republic of China is the direct result of the 1911 Revolution." 2. **The integrated narrative of the mainland**： -In 2011, on the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the "Three Great" discourse (great National awakening, ideological liberation, and social change) was launched, incorporating the 1911 Revolution into the pre-history of the Sinicization of Marxism. -The latest edition of the middle school history textbook (unified edition), while affirming the progressive nature of the revolution, has increased the analysis of the interference of the powers (such as the control of the salt tax by the General Customs and Taxation Department Anglian) and the counterattack of the landlord class (Zhang Xun's restoration). ###4. Observation by the international academic community 1. **Revision of Western Sinology**： -Philip Kuhn pointed out in "The Origin of Modern China" that the revolutionaries failed to effectively integrate local elites, leading to the secession of the warlords. -Joseph Esherick reveals the complex interaction between constitutionalists and revolutionaries through "Improvement and Revolution", and questions the "inevitable revolution theory" in the traditional narrative. 2. **A new perspective from the Japanese academic community**： -Naoki Sayama, a scholar of the Kyoto School, discovered that the concept of "separation of five powers" in Sun Yat-sen's 1905 "People's Daily" was actually deeply influenced by the Meiji Constitution of Japan. This cross-cultural factor is often downplayed in cross-strait narratives. ###5. Academic analysis of key dispute points 1. **Intellectual property issues**： -Traditional Marxist historiography emphasizes the attributes of the bourgeois revolution, but scholars such as Hamashita Takeshi have proved through customs archives that the industrial and commercial class did not gain substantial political power after the revolution. 2. **Evaluation of revolutionary results**： -Quantitative analysis by Zhang Pengyuan shows that in the 1913 parliamentary election, the average age of elected members of parliament was 36 years old, and 82% of those with educational background accounted for, indicating the structural progress of political participation. 3. **Re-examination of long-term effects**： -Wang Qisheng's research pointed out that the Kuomintang's system of "governing the country by party" actually began with the reorganization of the Chinese Revolutionary Party in 1914, rather than the traditional view of the United Russia and the Communist Party in 1924. ###6. The construction mechanism of historical memory 1. **Shaping of memorial space**： -The Wuhan Xinhai Revolution Museum (built in 2011) used the panoramic painting "The Foundation of the Republic" to place the Communist Party, literary Society and other groups at the visual center, adjusting the old narrative centered on the League. 2. **Reproduction of literary and artistic works**： -The movie "Xinhai Revolution" (2011) fictionalizes the interaction between Qiu Jin and her young son before she was born.