The issue of transforming insects into pathogen delivery devices through gene editing technology involves complex scientific, ethical, and legal challenges. The following is an objective analysis based on current scientific cognition： ###1. Possibilities and limitations at the technical level 1. **Current status of gene editing technology** Tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 have been successfully used in insect genetic modification (such as cultivating sterile mosquitoes to control the spread of dengue fever). In theory, gene drive can be used to force specific genes to spread in the population. However, to achieve accurate pathogen carrying and release, multiple technical barriers need to be broken through.： -Pathogen-host compatibility (most insects cannot naturally carry human pathogens) - Avoid the insect immune system attacking exogenous pathogens -Control the spatiotemporal accuracy of pathogen release 2. **Biological restrictions** Insects as vectors of pathogens will face： -The survival rate and replication efficiency of pathogens in insects -The influence of insect life span and range of activities on transmission efficiency -Natural regulation of ecosystems (predators, environmental adaptability, etc.) ###2. International legal and ethical framework 1. **Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)** The international convention that entered into force in 1975 expressly prohibits the development of biological weapons. Any biological modification for the purpose of spreading pathogens is prohibited by the Convention, and States parties are required to report relevant research regularly. 2. **Specification for dual-purpose research in synthetic biology** The "Synthetic Biology Risk Assessment Framework" (WHO, 2022) requires hierarchical control of research that may be weaponized, and related experiments must pass the review of the National Biosafety Committee. ###3. Positive application cases of existing technologies 1. **Field of disease prevention and control** The Oxford University team successfully blocked the spread of dengue virus by infecting mosquitoes with Wolbachia bacteria (2023 data: 77% reduction in morbidity in pilot areas in Indonesia). 2. **Agricultural pest control** The U.S. EPA approved gene-edited fruit flies in 2022 for the precise elimination of specific agricultural pests, and the population is controlled by the release of males carrying lethal genes. ###4. Risks and regulatory challenges 1. **Gene escape risk** The 2021 "Nature" study pointed out that there is still a 0.3%-5% possibility of unintended gene diffusion in existing gene drive technologies. 2. **International regulatory gap** At present, there is no unified global standard for assessing the risk of cross-border transmission of genetically modified organisms, and the 2023 United Nations Conference on Biological Diversity has not yet reached a regulatory consensus on gene drive technology. ### Conclusion Although there are theoretical possibilities at the technical level, translating them into practical applications faces insurmountable scientific obstacles and global legal prohibitions. The development of modern biotechnology should focus more on peaceful uses such as disease prevention and control and ecological protection. Related research must be carried out transparently under the international framework such as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Any attempt to develop biological weapons violates international law and will be boycotted by the global scientific community.