The scientific discussion on the elimination of the human aging process through genetic modification technology is still in a highly theoretical and experimental stage. The following professional analysis is carried out from the three aspects of biological mechanism, technical feasibility and experimental design framework： ###1. The basis of the biological mechanism of aging 1. **Molecular level mechanism**： -Telomere shortening (Hayflick limit theory) -Accumulation of DNA damage (including nuclear DNA/mitochondrial DNA) -Epigenetic disorders (DNA methylation clock) -Protein homeostasis imbalance (decline of molecular chaperone network) 2. **Cell-level mechanism**： -Cellular aging (Senescence-associated secret phenotype) -Stem cell depletion (especially hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells) -Mitochondrial dysfunction (ROS metabolic imbalance) 3. **System-level mechanism**： -Chronic inflammation (Inflamm-aging theory) -Nutrient sensing imbalance (abnormal mTOR signaling pathway) -Disorders of intercellular communication (neuroendocrine-immune network disorders) ###2. Feasibility assessment of gene editing technology 1. **Comparison of existing tools**： ``` | Technology | Editing efficiency | Specificity | Delivery system | Clinical application stage | |--------------|----------|----------|----------|--------------| | CRISPR-Cas9 | High | Medium | AAV / LNP / Phase II clinical trial | | Base Editing | Medium | High | LNP | Preclinical Research | | Prime Editing | Low | Extremely High | Nano Particles | In vitro Experiments | ``` 2. **Screening of key targets**： -Longevity gene (FOXO3, SIRT6) -Telomere maintenance gene (TERT, TERRA) -Aging-related secretion phenotypes (p16INK4a, p21) -Autophagy regulatory gene (ATG5, Beclin-1) ###3. Theoretical experimental plan framework (in stages) **Stage i: Discovery of multi-omics targets (5-8 years)** 1. Establish a cross-species aging atlas (human-naked mole rat-bowhead whale) 2. Single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptome analysis (covering 10^6 cells) 3. CRISPR genome-wide screening (establishment of an aging-related gene regulatory network) **Stage ii: In vitro model verification (3-5 years)** 1. 3D organoid aging model construction (brain/liver/cardiovascular system) 2. Gene circuit design (feedback-regulated anti-aging module) 3. Synthetic biology transformation (artificial chromosome carrying longevity gene box) **Stage iii: Verification of non-human primates (10-15 years)** 1. Establish an evaluation system for biomarkers of aging (including apparent clock calibration) 2. Multi-organ collaborative editing strategy (combination of liver targeting + systemic delivery) 3. Lifelong follow-up research (comprehensive assessment of metabolomics/imaging/behavior) **Stage iv: Safety optimization (5-8 years)** 1. Off-target effect elimination (Cas9-HF1 high-fidelity variant) 2. Gene drive inhibition system (suicide switch design) 3. Epigenetic reset technology (to avoid loss of cell identity) ###4. Core scientific challenges 1. **Multi-target collaboration problem**: Aging involves a network of 300+ genes, and simple editing cannot solve the system crash. 2. **Lack of compensatory mechanism**: Prolonging telomeres may activate the p53-dependent apoptosis pathway 3. **Energy Metabolism Paradox**: Inhibiting mTOR prolongs life but impairs immune function 4. **Barrier to species differences**: Nematode/mouse model results are difficult to directly transform ###5. Ethical and social considerations 1. Evolutionary ecological impact (breaking the population dynamic balance) 2. Epigenetic memory erasure risk (personality identity problem) 3. Justice in the distribution of social resources (differences in technology accessibility) 4. Blurred species boundaries (philosophical controversy over human enhancement) The current scientific consensus believes that through multimodal intervention (gene editing + small molecule drugs + epigenetic regulation), healthy life extension may be achieved, but there are still fundamental biological obstacles to the complete elimination of aging in the visible future. It is recommended to focus on the expansion of the "health span" rather than the pursuit of eternal life, focusing on breakthroughs in specific aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular aging.