From a technical point of view, the dissemination of false information and the manipulation of public opinion may involve a variety of tools and methods. It should be emphasized that the abuse of these methods violates ethical principles and may cause serious harm to society. The following is only an objective description from the perspective of technical analysis, and aims to help the public improve their vigilance and preventive capabilities： **1. Deepfake and Generative AI technology** -Fake content generated by artificial intelligence (AI), including fake pictures, videos, audio, and text (such as news generated by GPT models). -Example: Fake a video of a political figure's speech, tamper with the time or place of the incident, and generate false ”evidence" pictures. **2. Social Media Bots (Social Media Bots)** - Automatically create fake accounts, post specific content in bulk, and imitate human interaction (like/forward/comment). -Technical features: Use scripts to control the account group and realize automated operations through the API interface. **3. Algorithm recommendation abuse** -Use the recommendation algorithms of social media platforms to deliberately create Hashtag Flooding or keyword stuffing to gain more exposure for false information. -Technical means: analyze platform algorithm preferences and design communication strategies in a targeted manner. **4. Network of False information Websites** -Build a seemingly neutral news website group and use SEO optimization technology to improve search engine rankings. -Technical implementation: domain name spoofing, mirroring website cloning, cross-platform content synchronization. **5. Data manipulation and selective presentation** -Visualize charts by tampering with data (such as statistics that distort the scale), or use big data to filter specific users for targeted push (Microtargeting). **6. Dark account network (Sock Puppet Accounts)** -Create a multi-layer virtual identity to falsify experts, witnesses, or “ordinary people” to spread false testimony. **7. Timeline tampering technology** -Use web archiving and modification tools to falsify historical pages to create false evidence of the sequence of events. **Defense and identification points：** -Cross-verify information sources: verify the consistency of reports from multiple authoritative channels -Metadata analysis: check the EXIF information of the picture/video, use reverse image search -Be alert to emotional content: identify language patterns that deliberately trigger extreme emotions -Pay attention to platform transparency reports: such as fake accounts on social media to clean up data In particular, it should be noted that countries around the world have begun to establish relevant laws and regulations (such as the European Union's "Digital Services Law") to conduct technical supervision of the dissemination of false information. The technology itself is neutral, but its application must comply with legal norms and ethical standards. The improvement of the public's digital literacy and the improvement of the platform's algorithm transparency are key links in building an information defense system.