In the translation of medical documents, ignoring professional terms can seriously threaten the safety of diagnosis and treatment. This risk is mainly reflected in the following aspects： **1. Distortion of diagnosis and treatment information：** - **Confusion of terms leads to misjudgment**: For example, mistranslating "thrombosis" as "hemorrhage" may mislead doctors about the patient's coagulation status. -**Drug dose risk**: Confusing the unit translation of "0.1mg" and "1 mg" may cause a 100-fold dose error. In 2018, the FDA reported that a translation error in the specification of an anticoagulant drug caused 27 overdose incidents. -**Diagnostic criteria offset**: The precise hierarchical translation error of "autism spectrum disorder" in DSM-5 (Diagnostic criteria for Mental Illness) may affect the diagnostic evaluation. **2. Legal and ethical risks：** - **Medical malpractice determination**: In 2019, a hospital in Japan was awarded 230 million yen in compensation for mistranslating "history of contrast agent allergy" as "drug sensitivity", which caused the patient to go into shock. - **Invalidation of informed consent**: The British NHS guidelines clearly state that mistranslations of professional expressions such as "organs may be removed" in the surgical consent form can invalidate legal documents. **3. Barriers to interdisciplinary collaboration：** -**Multi-disciplinary collaborative fault**: The mistranslation of "BIRADS Level 4" in the radiology department report may lead to the formulation of incorrect treatment plans by the department of Surgery and oncology. -**Pollution of scientific research data**: The "partial response" (partial remission) in the clinical trial data is mistranslated as "good response", which may distort the research conclusions. **Risk prevention and control strategy：** -**Three-level terminology verification system**: Initial translation → verification by clinical experts →review by native medical editors -**Dynamic term bank construction**: Integrate authoritative resources such as the WHO terminology toolkit and the multilingual version of ICD-11 - **Collaborative human-computer translation**: SDL Trados medical module assists in translation, and the error rate is 63% lower than pure human translation (CSA Research 2022 data) -**Cultural adaptation test**: For non-Latin-speaking areas (such as right-to-left typesetting in Arabic), clinical scenario simulation verification is required Typical case: When a multinational pharmaceutical company promoted hypoglycemic drugs in Southeast Asia, it mistranslated "dialoresis" (pathological sweating) in "hypoglycemia early warning symptoms" into the local saying "body running water", causing patients to fail to recognize hypoglycemia in time. This incident prompted ISO/TC 37 to accelerate the formulation of international standards for medical translation.(ISO 20771:2020). Conclusion: The professional requirements of medical translation go beyond conventional language conversion, and it is necessary to establish a full-process medical language assurance system that includes terminology management, clinical verification, and quality control. This is an indispensable infrastructure for modern medical safety.