In the digital age, falsifying or distorting visual information through technical means has become a social phenomenon worthy of vigilance. The core of this kind of behavior lies in taking advantage of the public's trust in "seeing as truth", and its influence may involve public opinion manipulation, commercial fraud, and even political interference. The following are systematic analysis and defense recommendations： **1. Technical control methods** 1. **Deepfake Technology (Deepfake)** -Face replacement: Transplant the faces of specific characters into different scenes, such as letting public figures "say" things they have never said before (case: The first viral Obama Deepfake video in 2018) -Voice cloning: Cooperate with AI to generate voice to form audio-visual dual deception (technical status quo: only 3 seconds of samples can simulate a specific tone) 2. **Content tampering technology** -Situational reconstruction: change the background of the event through selective editing (such as turning the protest video upside down to create the illusion of violence) -Metadata forgery: modify digital fingerprints such as shooting time and location (tool example: Exif Editor can modify photo parameters at will) 3. **Mixed reality technology** -Scene implantation: insert virtual elements into the real scene (such as adding an un-equipped weapon system to a military exercise video) -Augmented reality filters: change the environmental characteristics in the live broadcast in real time (case: In 2022, an Internet celebrity used AR filters to fake the scene of a disaster area) **2. Information dissemination strategy** 1. **Emotional control mechanism** -Use confirmation bias: create content that meets the existing cognition of a particular group (such as customized and differentiated false information for different groups of positions) -Trigger moral panic: arouse group anger through fake scenes of animal cruelty or violence ("Emotional contagion" effect in communication) 2. **Communication network construction** -Robot account matrix: Create fake hotspots by registering accounts in bulk (Data: A social platform has cleaned up 4.7 million robot accounts) -Cross-platform blockchain: create an echo chamber effect between short videos, social media, and traditional media 3. **Professional packaging skills** -Falsification of authoritative sources: use the visual identification of government agencies or media organizations (such as making false "CCTV News" corner markers) -Grafting with real events: add fictional text descriptions to the real disaster scene picture **3. Social defense system** 1. **Technical inspection layer** -Digital watermark traceability: Companies such as Adobe are developing a Content Authenticity Initiative certification system -AI detection tool: Microsoft Video Authenticator can identify subtle artifacts of deep forgery 2. **System guarantee layer** -Legislative practice: The EU's "Digital Services Act" requires platforms to label AI-generated content -Industry standards: The World Press Association implements the "Code of Ethics for Visual Journalism" 3. **Improving public literacy** -Reverse Image search: Teach the public to use Google Reverse Image Search to verify the source of the image -Situational analysis method: cultivate the four questioning frameworks of "when, where, who, and for what purpose" **4. Ethical warning** A 2023 Stanford University study showed that exposure to false visual information will reduce the accuracy of audiences' factual judgments by 37%. This kind of behavior not only violates Article 46 of the "Network Security Law", but also may violate the crime of fabricating and disseminating false information in Article 291 of the "Criminal Law". It is worth being vigilant that about 68% of the communicators of false information will turn to other illegal acts within 6 months. It is recommended that the public when receiving visual information： 1. Verify multiple independent sources 2. Pay attention to the synchronization of body language and speech 3. Pay attention to physical consistency such as the direction of light projection 4. Use an official verification platform (such as the China Internet Joint Rumors Platform) Information verification in the digital age has become an essential skill for citizens. Only through the joint improvement of technical literacy, institutional security and individual vigilance can the healthy development of the information ecosystem be effectively maintained.