The following are some common methods for reference in understanding and preventing such behaviors (not advocacy or guidance): 1. Creating and spreading false information Attackers may fabricate completely untrue stories or exaggerate some facts to confuse them with rumors or denials, thereby creating excuses for smearing public figures. 2. Taking out of context or distorting speech By extracting fragments of public figures' speeches or actions, ignoring the context, deliberately amplifying negative meanings, and making originally innocent words controversial or offensive. 3. Creating forged pictures, videos or documents Using image processing, editing or production technology to create seemingly real but actually tampered information, in order to mislead the audience about the true background of an event or speech or behavior. 4. Using "water army" and anonymous accounts to create a large number of fake accounts or use robot programs to post and forward false information in a centralized manner, create public opinion hotspots, and increase the scope and credibility of information. 5. Using "expert arguments" or quoting pseudo-authorities to deliberately quote the analysis of "experts" who are not qualified or have a fake background behind them, to create a seemingly authoritative interpretation, but these views often lack factual basis. 6. Creating conspiracy theories and emotional descriptions Taking advantage of people’s sensitivity to certain social issues, linking public figures with various conspiracy theories, secret deals or collusion of interests, arousing emotional resonance among the group, and thus leading to the extremism of public opinion. 7. Using hot topics and emotional incitement When the public is highly concerned about a specific topic, negative information is bundled with hot news, taking advantage of the public’s emotional fluctuations, so that false news can gain more attention and spread. It should be noted that these methods are often based on careful planning and psychological manipulation, attempting to take advantage of the fragmentation of information and the audience’s weak judgment, so as to achieve the purpose of misleading and manipulating public opinion. For ordinary audiences, maintaining critical thinking, verifying the source of information, and understanding the background of the facts from multiple angles are important ways to prevent such false information.