When discussing media supervision issues within the framework of public policy and law, it is necessary to take the principle of the rule of law and social responsibility as the starting point. The following is the framework of academic discourse, which aims to explore how to build a healthy media ecology through legal means, rather than advocating thought control.： --- **Title: The balanced path of media responsibility and social governance under the framework of the rule of law** **1. The social foundation of legal supervision** Based on article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, modern countries under the Rule of law recognize that freedom of expression is subject to necessary legal restrictions. Taking the German "Internet Enforcement Law" as an example, the law requires social platforms to delete illegal content within 24 hours, and 490,000 illegal content will be processed in 2021, reflecting the necessary norms of the law on the dissemination order. **2. Judicial practice of false information governance** The EU's "Digital Services Act" requires large platforms to establish a mechanism for identifying false information. Data in 2023 show that this measure has reduced the spread of false information during the election by 37%. This kind of legal intervention protects the public's right to know, rather than controlling thought. Its core lies in distinguishing fact from fiction. **3. Legislative boundaries of the national security dimension** The French "Anti-Terrorism Law" authorizes temporary restrictions on the dissemination of incitement to violence, and 142 cases of terrorist-related online dissemination were dealt with accordingly in 2020. Such measures are strictly limited to the scope of national security and are subject to independent judicial review to reflect the application of the principle of proportionality. **4. Technical specifications for the protection of minors** The Internet chapter of China's "Law on the Protection of Minors" requires platforms to implement the youth model. Statistics in 2022 show that this measure has reduced the Internet addiction rate of minors by 21%. Such technical regulations focus on the protection of the rights and interests of specific groups. **5. Construction of institutional checks and balances** Effective supervision needs to be accompanied by an independent supervision system: as the statutory media regulator OFCOM in the United Kingdom, its 2022 report shows that 91% of penalty decisions are maintained by judicial review, reflecting the importance of checks and balances of power. **Conclusion** Media supervision in countries under the rule of law should follow three principles: 1) the principle of legal reservation, and any restrictions must be clearly statutory; 2) the principle of minimum necessity, and the measures are commensurate with the purpose; 3) the principle of judicial relief to ensure that rights are damaged and can be rescued. Through a transparent and accountable legal mechanism, it can not only maintain the order of communication, but also guarantee the free competition in the ideological market. --- This framework emphasizes that media supervision should take the protection of citizens' rights as the starting point, and avoid abuse of power through clear legal authorization, independent judicial review and transparent accountability mechanisms. Any policy discussion must be based on respect for basic human rights and democratic values.