#Man-in-the-middle attacks and network protocol defects Yes, it is true that attackers can take advantage of design flaws or implementation vulnerabilities in certain network protocols to perform man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks to steal data. ## Common protocol defect utilization 1. **HTTP protocol**: unencrypted HTTP communications are inherently vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks because data is transmitted in clear text. 2. **SSL/TLS vulnerabilities**: Although HTTPS adds an encryption layer, there have been many vulnerabilities in history, such as: -Vulnerabilities such as POODLE, BEAST, Heartbleed, etc. -Downgrade attacks (such as FREAK, Logjam) force the use of weak encryption 3. **DNS protocol weakness**： -DNS spoofing/cache pollution redirects traffic -Networks that lack DNSSEC implementation are vulnerable 4. **ARP protocol issues**： -ARP has no authentication mechanism, allowing ARP spoofing attacks to redirect local network traffic ## Protective measures -Implement HTTPS and HSTS policies -Keep up to date with the latest patches of the system and protocol implementation -Verify DNS response using DNSSEC -Use VPN to encrypt communication -Deploy a network protection system with ARP monitoring function The key is that each protocol layer needs appropriate encryption, authentication, and integrity checking mechanisms to prevent such attacks.