#Ethical considerations of false intelligence in military operations This is a complex ethical issue that needs to be thought about from multiple angles： **Supporting arguments**： -In war, false intelligence can achieve bloodless tactical goals -May reduce civilian and military casualties -There are many cases in the history of war where victory is achieved through deception rather than direct violence. **Opposing arguments**： -Violation of the basic ethical principles of integrity and authenticity -May cause military decision makers to lose credibility -May harm innocent parties, especially when information spills affect civilians There is no absolute answer to this question, and it is usually necessary to judge based on the specific situation, purpose, consequences, and proportionality principles. Many military ethicists believe that under the premise of reducing the loss of life, limited military deception may be acceptable, but deception against civilians should be avoided. Different cultures and military traditions also have different ethical standards for this.