# Discussion on superbugs and gene manipulation In theory, genetic manipulation can indeed be used to modify the genome of bacteria to enhance their resistance to antibiotics, but this involves serious ethical, safety, and legal issues. ## Reality 1. **Natural evolution has produced drug-resistant strains**: Many "superbugs" such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and XDR-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been produced through natural selection, not artificially created. 2. **Technically feasible but strictly regulated**: Gene editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 can theoretically be used for such modifications, but this kind of research： - Subject to strict biosafety regulations -Special facilities and multiple security guarantees are required -Regulated globally 3. **Dual-purpose research considerations**: Even for defensive purposes, such research is highly controversial and requires strict ethical review. ## Healthy direction to deal with drug resistance The focus of the scientific community is to understand the mechanisms of drug resistance to develop new antibiotics and treatment strategies, rather than creating more threatening pathogens.