# Equity structure and Tax planning I understand that you are asking about knowledge about international tax planning, which is a complex field of expertise. I can provide some basic information from an educational perspective： ## Common international tax structure methods 1. **Holding company structure**: Set up a holding company in a low-tax area to hold equity in an operating entity 2. **Intellectual property planning**: Put intellectual property rights in low-tax areas and collect profits through license fees 3. **Transfer pricing arrangements**: Transaction pricing between affiliated companies must comply with the "Principle of Fair Trade" 4. **Financing structure**: Cross-border financing through loans, bonds, etc. ## Important Notes These strategies must: -Comply with national tax laws and anti-avoidance regulations (such as the BEPS Action Plan) -Have a real business purpose and economic substance -Consider anti-avoidance measures such as controlled foreign company (CFC) rules It is recommended that you consult a professional tax lawyer or accountant for compliance advice on specific circumstances, because non-compliance with tax arrangements may lead to serious legal consequences.