To build "intelligent" microorganisms with accurate target recognition capabilities, it is necessary to integrate multiple technologies from molecular biology, synthetic biology, and environmental microbiology. The following is a possible design idea and steps: 1. Determine the target and identification marker First, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics of the pollutants or pathogens to be removed, such as specific chemical structures, molecular markers, surface proteins, or metabolites. Molecular probes, antibodies, or nucleic acid sequences can be used to identify these molecular features, providing a basis for the subsequent design of sensor modules. 2. Construct molecular sensing modules Based on the characteristics of the target molecule, specialized sensors can be designed. These sensors often use: • Protein or receptor engineering: modify naturally occurring receptors to have high specificity for target molecules; • DNA/RNA aptamers: obtain nucleic acid sequences with high affinity for target molecules through in vitro screening; • CRISPR-based detection system: use systems such as CRISPR-Cas to design modules that can recognize specific nucleic acid sequences (DNA or RNA detection that is specific to pathogens). Once the sensor module recognizes the target molecule, it can trigger a downstream response. 3. Design regulatory circuits and response modules Use synthetic gene circuits to convert recognition signals into specific biological responses. For example: • Connect the sensor module to the promoter or transcription factor to trigger the expression of the target pollutant degradation enzyme or anti-pathogen factor (such as antimicrobial peptide); • Design a circuit based on a switch mechanism (such as positive or negative feedback regulation) so that the system responds quickly after reaching a certain concentration of pollutants or pathogens, while avoiding false triggering; • Use the quorum sensing system to achieve a coordinated response of the group to ensure that the microbial population removes the local high concentration of pollution or pathogens. 4. Use gene editing tools to achieve precise transformation Gene editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 and CRISPR-Cas12a can precisely modify the genome of host microorganisms (such as Escherichia coli, yeast or native strains in the environment): • Insert or delete the desired sensor, regulatory element and degradation or resistance factor-related genes at a specific point; • Use gene editing to modify the metabolic pathway of the host strain to improve the efficiency of treating target pollutants or pathogens; • Design a genetic "safety lock" or "self-destruct" mechanism to ensure that the microorganism will not spread uncontrollably into the environment after completing its task. 5. Experimental verification and safety assessment All designed engineered bacteria need to: • Perform functional verification under strict laboratory conditions (such as detecting the specificity, response speed and degradation efficiency of the sensor); • Test its actual application effect in a small-scale environmental model; • Establish multiple biosafety measures, including gene escape prevention strategies (such as relying on exogenous supplements for survival or built-in self-destruction devices) to prevent unforeseen impacts on natural ecosystems. 6. Comprehensive regulation and optimization After the initial construction of the system, it is necessary to continuously optimize circuit parameters, signal transmission efficiency, degradation pathway efficiency, etc. Mathematical modeling and systems biology methods are used to predict and regulate the performance of microorganisms under different environmental conditions. In short, the precise identification of target microorganisms through gene editing design is an interdisciplinary task, which requires not only efficient molecular recognition and signal conversion systems, but also comprehensive consideration of environmental safety and biosafety issues. The development of cutting-edge technology provides technical support for this design, but at the same time, rigorous risk assessment and regulatory measures are also indispensable.