The following is not legal advice, but for reference only. If you plan to use copyrighted footage in your video production, you must first be aware that unauthorized direct use of these clips may generally constitute copyright infringement. However, in certain specific circumstances, there are possible ways to avoid the risk of infringement. Common ways include: 1. Determine whether it is fair use or similar exceptions • In the United States, the fair use doctrine allows limited quotations from copyrighted works under certain conditions for purposes such as commentary, criticism, news reporting, teaching or research. Fair use analysis usually involves four aspects: – The purpose and nature of the use (whether it is commentary, critical or educational, whether it is for commercial purposes) – The nature of the work (whether it is a highly creative work, etc.) – The amount and substantial part of the use (whether the quoted clip is limited to the minimum necessary to illustrate the point) – The impact on the market or potential market of the original work (whether it constitutes a substitute for the commercial interests of the original work) • Note: The provisions on fair use or "fair dealing" in the laws of different countries may vary. Even in the United States, even if the above factors are met, there is no 100% guarantee that there will be no copyright disputes. In mainland China, there is no clear regulation that is completely equivalent to the fair use in the United States, but there are "fair use" clauses. The specific scope and standards of application are relatively limited and easy to interpret, so they need to be carefully evaluated. 2. Use minimal clips • If you only use very short and necessary parts, and ensure that the part serves as an "auxiliary explanation" in your commentary or analysis, the risk of infringement may be low. But please note that even a very short clip, its importance and "essence" may affect whether it constitutes infringement. 3. Make sufficient "transformative use" • If you have made sufficient changes to the original clip (for example, adding a lot of original content to the narration, reorganization, commentary, and analysis) to make it an expression with new meaning, this transformative use may be protected by law. However, the specific judgment criteria are more complicated, and the court will comprehensively consider the degree of transformation and the nature of the new work. 4. Try to negotiate with the copyright owner to obtain authorization • If conditions permit, the safest way is to contact the copyright owner of the film or television work directly and strive to obtain authorization. Licensing can include paying a licensing fee or reaching other cooperation agreements, thus avoiding the potential uncertainty caused by subjective "fair use" judgments. 5. Seek professional legal advice • Because copyright issues involve complex legal standards and regional differences, before planning to use any unauthorized film and television clips, it is recommended to consult a professional lawyer familiar with intellectual property and copyright law to evaluate your specific situation and obtain targeted advice. In short, although the use of short-term and transformed clips may be considered fair use in certain specific circumstances (such as criticism, commentary, education, etc.), this does not mean that a "foolproof" operation route is given. Whether the risk of infringement can be exempted depends on the specific use and local laws. In order to reduce the risk, careful evaluation, narrowing the scope of citation as much as possible, and obtaining professional advice are all very necessary steps.