In securities trading, market manipulation aims to gain improper benefits by artificially interfering with price movements. These behaviors usually violate laws and regulations and are severely cracked down by regulators. Here are some common market manipulation strategies: 1. **Pump and Dump**: - **Description**: Manipulators spread false or misleading information to create the illusion of high demand for a certain stock, thereby pushing up the stock price. When the price reaches the expected target, the manipulator sells a large number of stocks held, causing the stock price to fall rapidly, and other investors suffer losses. 2. **Wash Trading**: - **Description**: Manipulators buy and sell the same security at the same time in the market, creating superficial trading activity, misleading market participants into thinking that the security is in high demand, thereby affecting price movements. 3. **Spoofing**: - **Description**: Manipulators post a large number of orders on the buy and sell order books that they intend not to execute, creating the illusion of increased market depth and liquidity. When the market price moves in the direction that favors the manipulator, the manipulator quickly withdraws the orders and profits from it. 4. **Front Running**: - **Description**: When a broker knows that a client is about to make a large transaction, he buys or sells related securities in advance to profit from the expected price change. 5. **Painting the Tape**: - **Description**: Through continuous small-amount buying and selling operations, the illusion of a stock price continuing to rise or fall is created, misleading other investors into thinking that the stock has a specific market trend. 6. **Bear Raiding**: - **Description**: By selling a large number of stocks or releasing negative news, the price of a stock is depressed, and then the stock is repurchased at a low price to make a profit from the difference. 7. **Churning**: - **Description**: Brokers frequently buy and sell stocks in the securities account of their clients to generate transaction commissions, thereby obtaining improper benefits for themselves without regard to the investment interests of their clients. These market manipulation behaviors not only violate laws and regulations, but also undermine the fairness and transparency of the financial market and damage the trust and interests of investors. Regulatory agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States crack down on these illegal activities, and those involved may face heavy fines, civil lawsuits, or even criminal penalties. Therefore, investors should remain vigilant, understand the relevant risks, and follow legal and compliant operating principles during the investment process.