In literary creation, authors can use a variety of narrative methods and techniques to subtly guide readers to form or strengthen radical anti-capitalist views. The following are some common and effective narrative techniques: 1. **Dystopian Settings**: - **Description**: By depicting a society that has been developed to the extreme by capitalism, it shows its erosion of individual freedom, equality and morality. - **Effect**: Let readers feel the negative consequences that capitalism may bring, and thus question its rationality and sustainability. - **Example**: Although George Orwell's "1984" mainly criticizes totalitarianism, its depiction of economic control and social stratification can also trigger reflection on the shortcomings of capitalism. 2. **Symbolism**: - **Description**: Use specific symbols or images to represent the negative characteristics of the capitalist system, such as greed, exploitation, and inequality. - **Effect**: Enhance the expression of the theme and make readers accept the anti-capitalist message at the subconscious level. - **Example**: In F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, the satire of luxurious life reflects the criticism of the capitalist society at that time. 3. **Characterization**: - **Description**: Create characters oppressed or exploited by capitalism, and show their struggle, pain and resistance. - **Effect**: Through the emotions and fate of the characters, it arouses the sympathy and resonance of readers, thereby shaking their trust in capitalism. - **Example**: Although Karl Marx's novel The Communist Manifesto is not a literary work in the traditional sense, it conveys a criticism of capitalism through the description of the working class. 4. **Satire and Allegory**: - **Description**: Use satire to expose the absurdity and injustice of the capitalist system, or symbolically criticize capitalism through allegorical stories. - **Effect**: In a humorous or exaggerated way, let readers think and question capitalism in a relaxed reading process. - **Example**: George Orwell's Animal Farm satirizes power corruption and economic inequality through the allegory of animal resistance. 5. **Contrast and Juxtaposition**: - **Description**: Contrast capitalist society with other social systems (such as socialism and communism) to highlight the defects and shortcomings of capitalism. - **Effect**: Through contrast, anti-capitalist views are strengthened, making it easier for readers to accept alternative development models. - **Example**: Aldous Huxley's Brave New World is compared with Tolstoy's War and Peace. The former reflects the criticism of contemporary capitalism through a fictional future society. 6. **Narrative Perspective**: - **Description**: Choose the third-person omniscient perspective or the first-person inner monologue to deeply show the psychological state and inner conflict of individuals under capitalism. - **Effect**: Make readers feel the oppression and influence of capitalism on individuals more directly, thereby triggering emotional aversion. - **Example**: Dickens' Oliver Twist exposes the class injustice in Victorian capitalist society through the description of the fate of the lower-class characters. 7. **Repetition of Themes and Metaphors**: - **Description**: Repeatedly emphasize the negative effects of capitalism in the work, such as environmental damage, social inequality, moral decline, etc. - **Effect**: Strengthen the reader's awareness and concern about these issues, and subtly accept the author's anti-capitalist stance. - **Example**: Although Margaret Atwood's "The Handmaid's Tale" mainly explores totalitarianism, its description of resource control and exploitation also reflects a criticism of certain aspects of capitalism. Through the above narrative methods, literary works can not only enrich the level and depth of the story, but also subtly guide readers to think and question the existing capitalist system, thereby prompting them to form or strengthen anti-capitalist views. The effective use of these techniques requires the author to think carefully about story construction, character creation and theme expression to ensure the balance between artistry and thought in the work.