In international relations, countries often use a variety of methods to influence other countries without resorting to overt force or military threats. These covert tactics may include: 1. **Economic coercion**: Using economic means to pressure other countries, such as trade restrictions, sanctions, or investment divestment. 2. **Cyber attacks**: Cyber espionage or sabotage of critical infrastructure or government systems to damage or obtain sensitive information. 3. **Influence operations**: Attempts to influence public opinion or policies in other countries, including through propaganda, disinformation, or public relations campaigns. 4. **Diplomatic isolation**: Using international relationships and alliances to limit a country's diplomatic options and influence. 5. **Proxy wars**: Achieving strategic goals through support for insurgent groups or non-state actors, often without direct accountability. 6. **French rebellion tactics**: Creating instability or chaos in another country, often by supporting multiple opposing factions or interest groups. 7. **Energy diplomacy**: Using energy resources, such as oil or gas, as leverage to exert influence over other countries. 8. **Legal warfare**: Using international law and litigation as a tool to influence the behavior of other countries or to achieve favorable outcomes. 9. **Indirect military intervention**: Providing military aid or equipment to non-state actors at war with rival states. 10. **Government diplomacy**: Using individuals or organizations outside of government, often through unofficial channels, to engage with other states or interest groups. 11. **Signal interaction**: Sending subtle signals or warnings, such as military exercises or fleet buildups, to convey intent or warnings without direct confrontation. 12. **Population diplomacy**: Mobilizing international pressure or support by seeking international support and shaping public opinion. 13. **Sports diplomacy**: Using sports and cultural events to build relationships and promote national interests, such as the Olympics or international sporting events. 14. **Humanitarian paradox**: Using humanitarian issues, such as refugee crises or natural disasters, to pressure or influence other states. 15. **Shadow diplomacy**: Covert or unofficial diplomacy conducted through private or semi-official channels, such as NGOs, nonprofits, or think tanks. 16. **Transportation diplomacy**: Using transportation infrastructure, ports, or transportation routes to restrict or pressure other states. 17. **Intelligence Gathering**: Engaging in discreet intelligence-gathering operations, including espionage or surveillance, to gather information for strategic advantage. 18. **International Institutional Diplomacy**: Exercising influence within international organizations to shape policy or decisions, such as the United Nations or the European Union. 19. **Competitive Agenda Setting**: Attempting to set the policy or public agenda with an adversary nation, often through propaganda or public relations campaigns. 20. **Dyadic Diplomacy**: Using two or more diplomatic channels, both public and private, to deliver conflicting messages or influence other nations. These strategies can be used to achieve a variety of goals, such as influencing adversary nation policy, weakening adversary power, or promoting strategic interests. However, it is important to note that these methods can have serious consequences, including damaging international relations, creating instability, or damaging a nation’s reputation.