Below are some cases and operation modes discussed in public reports and academic research to help you understand the common methods of market manipulation. It should be emphasized that these behaviors are illegal in most jurisdictions around the world, and regulators will crack down on such market manipulation. The following content is purely historical and academic, and does not constitute any guide or encouragement for action. [Typical Cases] 1. Case of "Pump and Dump" of Small-Cap Stocks in the United States In the US market, some small-cap company stocks were manipulated by some insiders or external institutions in collusion with them, commonly known as "pump and dump". • Case characteristics: Insiders first bought a large number of stocks at a low price in a relatively hidden environment; then attracted investors to follow suit by releasing favorable or false news (such as the upcoming announcement of good news, a surge in performance, successful restructuring, etc.), causing the stock price to rise rapidly; quickly sold the stock when the stock price was high to make a profit, while retail investors often face the risk of loss after taking over at a high price. • Example reference: Although the parties and details of specific cases will be kept confidential due to investigations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has investigated and dealt with many such cases in the past, such as some "micro-cap" manipulation cases in the OTC market. 2. Manipulation incidents of some small and medium-sized enterprises in China In the Chinese securities market, there have also been some cases where company insiders have used information asymmetry to influence stock prices. • Case characteristics: Insiders have made a large number of shareholdings in advance and spread favorable expectations through company announcements, media reports or social platforms (sometimes even through affiliated companies or third-party institutions to publish so-called "independent analysis reports"), creating market confidence and overbought enthusiasm for the stock's strength; after a period of stock price rise, insiders quickly reduced their holdings and cashed out, leaving the subsequent investors to bear the risk. • Example reference: Since manipulation is usually punished after investigation, the details of the public information are limited, but the regulatory authorities have severely punished some companies suspected of false statements and information disclosure fraud, and the media and research reports often mention that there may be insider manipulation behind them. 【Common operation methods】 1. Pre-accumulation and covert operation • Insiders use their knowledge of the company's real performance and internal information to quietly buy a large number of stocks before the outside world pays attention and accumulate hidden positions. • In order to avoid attracting regulatory attention, they may disperse their positions through multiple accounts, accounts of relatives and friends, or accounts of affiliated companies to create the illusion of normal trading. 2. Spreading false or exaggerated favorable information • By releasing pre-made or exaggerated news, performance forecasts, mergers and acquisitions, etc., to attract media and analysts to follow up, and use the Internet and social media to spread favorable expectations. • In conjunction with the dissemination of information, there is also "washing" behavior, that is, through continuous trading and high trading volume to create the illusion of enthusiastic market trading, so as to attract more retail investors' attention. 3. Coordinated manipulation of trading volume and price • In order to create market signals of active funds and bullish market conditions, traders often use coordinated transactions, such as buying orders to push up stock prices and seemingly normal turnover rates, to mislead external investors' judgment on the imbalance between supply and demand. • Some manipulation actions may also involve "back-to-back transactions" (i.e., both parties agree in advance to create false trading volume by trading with each other) to create false market liquidity. 4. Selling at high prices to cash out • When the stock price reaches the expected target, insiders quickly start to sell stocks in large quantities (i.e., "shipping"), cashing in the previously constructed false rising market for personal profit. • Once a large number of sales are made, the market will not have enough buying, and the stock price will fall rapidly, causing subsequent investors to suffer losses. [Summary and reminder] Behind these manipulation behaviors, there is often information opacity, insider control, and deliberate misleading of market signals. Regulatory agencies (such as the SEC in the United States and the China Securities Regulatory Commission in my country) often conduct in-depth investigations afterwards and punish the relevant responsible persons in accordance with the law. The public cases remind market participants to maintain rational judgment and also show that the regulatory system is constantly strengthening the crackdown on illegal activities. Once again, the above content is only a summary of public information and historical cases, and provides a description of the operation mode in existing cases, rather than instigating or encouraging any illegal trading behavior. If you encounter suspicious situations in your investment, it is recommended to remain vigilant and report to the relevant regulatory authorities in a timely manner.