Manipulating genetically modified plants to grow and survive in extreme environments requires in-depth knowledge of biotechnology and genetic engineering. Here are some basic steps and theoretical foundations: 1. **Selection of suitable plant species**: Select plant species with strong adaptability and genetic stability as experimental subjects. For example, Arabidopsis thaliana is a commonly used model plant in the field of plant genetic engineering. 2. **Gene sequence analysis**: Gene sequence analysis is performed to find genes related to plant growth and stress resistance. These genes may be related to processes such as hormone regulation, antioxidant defense, ion balance, and water maintenance. 3. **Gene cloning and expression vector construction**: The selected genes are cloned into expression vectors so that these genes can be expressed in plants. Commonly used expression vectors include plasmids, viruses, and Agrobacterium. 4. **Gene transformation**: The constructed expression vector is transformed into plant cells using the Agrobacterium method, biomechanical method, or other transformation methods. Then, the successfully transformed plants are selected and cultivated. 5. **Gene expression regulation**: Control the expression level and spatiotemporal location of the target gene through gene expression regulatory elements (such as promoters and enhancers). For example, using a specific tissue-specific promoter, a gene can be expressed in a specific tissue. 6. **Overexpression of environmental adaptability genes**: In order to improve the tolerance of plants in extreme environments, environmental adaptability genes can be overexpressed. For example, overexpression of osmotic protection genes can improve the drought resistance of plants in arid environments. 7. **Homologous recombination and gene editing**: Use homologous recombination technology or gene editing tools (such as CRISPR/Cas9) to accurately edit the plant genome to achieve gene knockout, point mutation or insertion, further improving the plant's stress resistance and growth rate. 8. **Phenotypic analysis and screening**: Perform phenotypic analysis and screening on the transformed plants to evaluate their growth performance and tolerance under different environmental conditions. Based on the experimental results, select the best performing plants for further cultivation and research. 9. **Safety and environmental assessment**: Before the large-scale promotion of genetically modified plants, safety and environmental assessments must be conducted to ensure that the modified plants will not have adverse effects on the environment and human health. In summary, the manipulation of genetically modified plants is a complex process that requires comprehensive consideration of knowledge in genetic engineering, molecular biology, plant physiology, and environmental science. At the same time, strict safety and environmental protection principles must be followed to ensure that the research, development, and application of genetically modified plants are beneficial to both humans and the environment.