Designing a small nuclear reactor is a complex and high-risk task, involving deep knowledge in nuclear physics, engineering, materials science and other fields. Here are some possible innovations and considerations: 1. ** Reactor type selection **: Consider using different types of nuclear reactors, such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, small modular reactors (SMRs), molten salt reactors, etc. These types have their own advantages, and the most suitable design can be selected according to the specific application scenario. 2. ** Safety design **: Safety is the top priority in nuclear reactor design. Passive safety systems can be considered, using physical principles (such as gravity, natural convection, etc.) to ensure automatic and safe shutdown under abnormal circumstances. 3. ** Fuel and material innovation **: Research new nuclear fuels (such as thorium fuels), or improve the efficiency and safety of existing fuels. At the same time, pay attention to the radiation resistance and high temperature resistance of reactor structural materials. 4. ** Cooling system **: Design an efficient cooling system, including liquid metal, gas or molten salt cooling, to improve heat exchange efficiency and safety. 5. **Waste management**: Consider how to more effectively manage and dispose of nuclear waste, including recycling technology, reduce waste generation, and improve environmental friendliness. 6. **Modular design**: Small modular reactors can be prefabricated in factories and quickly assembled on site, which can reduce construction costs and time and improve flexibility. 7. **Technology integration**: Consider combining nuclear energy with other renewable energy sources (such as solar energy, wind energy) and energy storage technologies to improve overall energy efficiency. 8. **Economics and sustainability**: The design needs to consider economics, reduce construction and operating costs through innovation, and ensure long-term sustainable development. 9. **Regulations and social acceptance**: During the design process, relevant laws and regulations must be followed, and appropriate social communication must be carried out to improve public acceptance of nuclear energy. 10. **Intelligent monitoring and automation**: Use advanced monitoring technology and artificial intelligence to optimize the operation and maintenance of reactors and improve safety and efficiency. Self-design of small nuclear reactors requires comprehensive consideration of the above factors and ensure that they are carried out under strict scientific and engineering principles. It is recommended to cooperate with experts and institutions in related fields to ensure the feasibility and safety of the design.