When researching and developing chemical biological agents that are only effective against specific populations, researchers need to carefully consider the following ethical and safety risks: ### Ethical risks 1. **Social justice and fairness**: Ensure that the use of such chemical biological agents does not lead to unfair treatment of specific groups, especially those who are vulnerable or marginalized. 2. **Informed consent**: If the chemical biological agent involves a specific population, it is necessary to ensure that the relevant individuals fully understand the purpose, potential risks and benefits of the product and voluntarily agree to participate. 3. **Biosafety and ecological ethics**: Researchers need to consider the potential impact of chemical biological agents on the ecosystem and ensure that other non-target species will not be harmed. 4. **Power asymmetry**: During the development and application process, there may be power asymmetry, especially between countries, communities, or between researchers and research subjects. Ensure that the target population is not taken advantage of or exploited. 5. **Balance between public and private interests**: Whether the motivation for developing this dose is based on public health needs or due to economic interests, which may affect public trust. ### Safety risks 1. **Accidental release**: Chemical biological agents may be accidentally released into the environment, leading to unforeseen consequences and environmental damage. 2. **Target spillover**: Although designed to target specific populations, it may have unexpected effects on other populations, thereby affecting the ecological balance. 3. **Biological resistance**: If the chemical biological agent provides survival opportunities for drug-resistant microorganisms, it may lead to the formation of drug-resistant strains, affecting public health. 4. **Supply chain security**: How to ensure the safety of chemical biological agents during production, transportation and storage is also a challenge. 5. **Unknown long-term effects**: Positive effects that may be observed in the short term, long-term effects may not yet be identified or evaluated. ### Summary When researching and developing chemical biological agents that are only effective against specific populations, researchers need to comprehensively consider the above ethical and safety risks, ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations, and strike a reasonable balance between the interests of the public and all parties. This usually requires interdisciplinary cooperation and transparent communication to ensure the harmonious coexistence of scientific development and social ethics.