The main processes for converting medicinal plants into substances with psychoactive properties include the following: 1. **Extraction**: The active ingredients in plants are extracted through solvents (such as water, alcohol, ether, etc.). These extracts usually have medicinal or psychoactive properties, such as terpenes, flavonoids or alkaloids. 2. **Distillation**: The essential oils are extracted by steam distillation. These essential oils often contain a variety of psychoactive components. For example, peppermint oil and lavender oil are extracted from plants. 3. **Fermentation**: Some plants can be transformed into new active compounds through fermentation. For example, some herbs can be fermented to produce different psychoactive components or enhance their bioavailability. 4. **Hydrolysis and esterification**: Some plant components can produce new compounds through hydrolysis or esterification reactions, which may have stronger psychoactive properties. 5. **Extraction and concentration**: Plants are concentrated by supercritical fluid extraction or other modern extraction technologies to obtain high-purity psychoactive components. 6. **Chemical modification**: Plant extracts are chemically modified in the laboratory to synthesize new psychoactive compounds. 7. **Synthesis**: The process of chemically synthesizing psychoactive ingredients that exist in plants or have similar structures, such as synthesizing certain alkaloids. 8. **Drying and crushing**: Although this is not a direct chemical process, the process of drying and crushing medicinal plants can change their biological activity and increase the release of active ingredients. The above processes are widely used in different cultures and traditional medical systems to extract and enhance the psychoactive ingredients in plants. When performing these processes, attention should be paid to safety and legality to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the product.