It is a common tax planning strategy to transfer company profits to jurisdictions with lower tax rates through complex equity structures. Here are some common methods: 1. **Establishing a holding company**: Establish a holding company in a country or region with favorable tax rates (such as the Cayman Islands, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, etc.) and transfer the equity of other subsidiaries to the holding company. Centralize the management and distribution of profits through the holding company to take advantage of the low tax rate in the region. 2. **Use franchise and license agreements**: Register intellectual property in a low-tax region and transfer the corresponding royalties to the region through franchise or license agreements. In this way, the parent company or other subsidiaries in high-tax regions need to pay royalties to the low-tax region to reduce taxable profits. 3. **Related-party transactions**: Shift profits to low-tax regions by adjusting transaction prices (transfer pricing) between related companies. For example, sell products or services to subsidiaries in low-tax regions and set higher prices, thereby reducing taxable income in high-tax regions. 4. **Profit restructuring**: Optimize profit distribution by changing the allocation or structure of assets and resources. For example, transfer certain high-profit business lines or customer groups to subsidiaries in low-tax regions. 5. **Financial instruments and debt arrangements**: By issuing debt or financial derivatives, interest expenses are transferred from high-tax regions to low-tax regions. For example, a subsidiary in a low-tax region borrows funds and pays interest to the parent company in a high-tax region, thereby reducing the tax base in the high-tax region. 6. **Tax treaty utilization**: Utilize tax treaties between different countries to rationally plan the source and distribution of income, reduce the risk of double taxation and optimize the tax burden. 7. **Spin-off and reorganization of companies**: Through corporate spin-offs or reorganizations, part of the business is moved to a low-tax region to achieve tax efficiency. It should be noted that these strategies must be carried out within the legal framework, and before conducting tax planning, it is recommended to consult a professional tax advisor or lawyer to ensure compliance and avoid potential legal risks. Countries are increasingly strengthening their supervision of tax planning, so reasonable and legal tax arrangements are very important.