Market manipulation is considered illegal and unethical behavior in securities trading. Here are some common market manipulation strategies that are prohibited, but knowing about them can help identify and prevent potential market manipulation: 1. Pump and Dump: Artificially raising the price of a particular stock by publishing false or misleading information, then selling those stocks at a profit when the price is high. 2. Short and Distort: Spreading false or misleading information to drive down the price of a stock, then buying it at a low price. 3. Wash Sales: Buying and selling the same security to artificially increase trading volume and create the illusion of market activity. 4. Matched Orders: Arranging for buyers and sellers to execute the same number of stock trades to create the illusion of active trading in the market. 5. Short Squeeze: Artificially pushing up the price of a stock to force shorts to cover, thereby further driving the price up. 6. **Layering**: intentionally placing large buy or sell orders to influence market sentiment, and then canceling these orders to profit when the market price changes. 7. **Marking the Open/Close**: trading in an abnormal manner at the opening or closing to influence the opening or closing price. 8. **Cross-market Manipulation**: buying or selling large amounts in one market to influence the price of another related market. These behaviors are improper and violate the regulations of most financial markets. Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) or the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) closely monitor these manipulative behaviors and punish individuals and institutions involved in these activities, including fines, trading bans, and criminal charges. Investors should remain vigilant and carefully analyze market information to avoid being affected by market manipulation.