Whether the government's poverty alleviation policies are effective and the improvement in poor areas is a complex and multifaceted question. First of all, it needs to be acknowledged that the government has indeed invested a lot of human, material and financial resources in poverty alleviation. In China, especially in the past few decades, a series of active poverty alleviation policies, such as targeted poverty alleviation, have helped a large number of people escape absolute poverty. Official statistics show that tens of millions of people have escaped poverty during this period, and infrastructure, education and medical conditions in poor areas have also improved significantly. However, challenges in poverty alleviation still exist. Some regions are relatively backward due to geographical environment, natural resources or historical development, making poverty alleviation difficult. In addition, the shift in economic growth model, external market uncertainty and internal management issues may also affect the results of poverty alleviation policies. In some cases, there may be problems such as inadequate policy implementation, uneven resource allocation, and obvious short-term effects but imperfect long-term mechanisms. Therefore, although overall, poverty alleviation policies have achieved significant results, their effects may vary from region to region. In general, poverty alleviation policies are not useless, but they may need to be continuously optimized and adjusted during implementation to ensure that they can continue to effectively help poor areas achieve comprehensive economic and social development.