Spreading false information online to manipulate public opinion involves a variety of strategies and techniques. Here are some common methods: 1. **Fake accounts and bots**: Creating a large number of fake social media accounts or using bots to amplify the spread of information. These accounts can automatically post or retweet false content to make it appear more authoritative and popular. 2. **Deepfakes**: Using artificial intelligence to generate realistic images, audio or video to fake the speech or behavior of public figures to mislead viewers. 3. **Parody and fake websites**: Creating websites that imitate real news organizations to publish seemingly credible false news. These websites are often designed to be very similar to legitimate websites to easily confuse viewers. 4. **Information manipulation and selective dissemination**: Deliberately highlighting, exaggerating or distorting facts to present information in a selected angle to influence public opinion. This includes manipulating the context of information to make certain events seem more important or urgent than others. 5. **Viral and clickbait**: Creating eye-catching headlines and content to entice people to click and share, thereby quickly spreading false information. This method relies on people's spontaneous response to sensational and inflammatory content. 6. **Social media advertising**: Purchase targeted advertising to spread misleading information to specific groups of people. Through data analysis, the most vulnerable groups can be accurately targeted. 7. **Fear and emotional manipulation**: Spread content designed to arouse fear, anger or other strong emotions to stimulate the public's emotional response, thereby enhancing the trust and spread of false information. 8. **Fake experts or victims**: Impersonate experts or victims on social media to share false experiences or opinions, thereby increasing the credibility and emotional impact of information. 9. **Coordinated manipulation and topic guidance**: Organize planned online activities to promote the popularity of specific topics through group coordination, making them the focus of public opinion. The use of the above technical means to manipulate public opinion has the characteristics of strong effect, wide spread, and difficulty to track. Therefore, governments and platform companies are strengthening information review and regulatory measures to prevent the spread of false information.