There are many ways to manipulate photo or video content to create false impressions and mislead the public. Here are some common methods: 1. **Photo editing software**: Use image editing software such as Photoshop to modify photos, such as changing the background, adding or removing people and objects, adjusting lighting effects, etc., to achieve a misleading effect. 2. **Video editing**: Change the original meaning of the video by editing, splicing video clips, and adding special effects or subtitles. Deepfake technology can go a step further and generate videos of seemingly real people speaking or acting. 3. **Use filters and special effects**: Filters or special effects in applications can change the tone, contrast, etc. of photos or videos to create a specific atmosphere or mood, thereby affecting the audience's feelings and judgment. 4. **Context errors**: Display photos or videos in the wrong context. For example, use old photos or pictures of different events, claiming that they are related to current events to mislead the audience. 5. **Intentional blur or low quality**: Deliberately reduce the clarity of photos or videos to hide traces of editing or prevent the audience from carefully verifying the authenticity. 6. **Fictional scenes**: Creating completely fictional or staged scenes in photos or videos to make them look like records of real events. 7. **Adding false descriptions**: Even if the image or video itself has not been modified, it can lead the audience to misunderstand by adding misleading titles or descriptions. Through these means, information manipulators can effectively shape public perceptions and even cause changes in public sentiment. These behaviors may lead to serious consequences in public opinion, including social division, spreading fear, or causing political unrest. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate the public's media literacy and improve their ability to distinguish true and false information.