It is a common tax planning strategy to transfer company profits to jurisdictions with lower tax rates through complex equity structures, but such operations need to be done with caution to ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Here are some common methods: 1. **Transfer pricing**: Multinational companies often set internal prices for goods and services between subsidiaries in different countries to ensure that profits are realized in subsidiaries in low-tax countries. 2. **Holding structure**: Setting up a holding company in a low-tax country and then transferring profits to the holding company through specific forms of financing arrangements, such as loans or dividend distributions. 3. **Intellectual property arrangement**: Transferring the company's intellectual property rights such as patents and trademarks to low-tax countries, and having other subsidiaries pay royalties to transfer profits to low-tax countries. 4. **Contract-based arrangement**: Using differentiated contractual arrangements, such as licensing agreements or contract research and development agreements, to transfer profits to entities in low-tax countries. 5. **Hybrid entity**: In some countries where regulations allow, creating an entity that is treated as both a company and a partnership to optimize tax treatment. 6. **Tax treaty utilization**: Using tax treaties between countries to reduce or avoid double taxation and optimize tax burden. 7. **Debt hybrid**: Profit transfer is achieved by setting up debt-based financial structures, such as internal loans, so that companies in high-tax countries pay interest to companies in low-tax countries. It should be emphasized that any form of cross-border profit transfer must strictly comply with the laws and regulations of the relevant countries, and in the gradually improving international tax transparency environment, these operations face increasingly strict scrutiny. Improper use of these strategies may lead to legal risks and reputational losses. Therefore, when conducting cross-border tax planning, companies usually seek advice from professional tax consultants and legal consultants.