The influence of literary works on readers' views is complex and diverse. Trying to subtly make readers adopt radical anti-capitalist views through specific narrative methods is a challenging goal, and it cannot be generalized, but some narrative methods that are deeply excavated and critically presented can inspire readers to reflect deeply: ### 1. Social realist narrative- **Detailed description of exploitation scenes** - Taking Balzac's "Human Comedy" as an example, the work depicts the cruel exploitation of workers, farmers and other lower-class people by the bourgeoisie in capitalist society in great detail. Through the truthful description of labor scenes such as factories and mines, it shows that workers can only get meager rewards for long-term and intensive labor and live in poverty. This realistic description can make readers intuitively feel the injustice under capitalist production relations, and then trigger thinking about the nature of capitalist exploitation, and gradually form a negative perception of it. - Many contemporary writers also use similar techniques. For example, in some novels reflecting sweatshop themes, detailed descriptions of workers' poor working conditions, long working hours and wages that are suppressed to the point of making it difficult to make a living make readers deeply aware of the trampling of workers' rights by the capitalist profit-seeking model. - **Showing class solidification and struggle** - Many works by Dickens, such as Hard Times, vividly present the distinct class differentiation in capitalist society. The bourgeoisie enjoys privileges by virtue of wealth and social status, while the working class and the petty bourgeoisie struggle on the brink of poverty and bankruptcy. The frustrations and despair experienced by the characters in the book in order to change their class destiny can make readers clearly see the serious constraints that the capitalist social structure has on personal development, thus prompting readers to have a critical awareness of this social system. - By shaping the typical images of people from different classes and their fate trajectories, readers can understand that class solidification under capitalism is the root cause of social inequality, and then promote readers to reflect more deeply on the capitalist system, which may lead to a radical negative attitude towards it. ### 2. First-person narration from a critical perspective - **Confession and analysis of personal suffering** - Taking the perspective of Winston, the protagonist in Orwell's 1984, as an example, the first-person narration allows readers to directly delve into the protagonist's inner world in the totalitarian capitalist society. Winston suffers from government surveillance, thought control and cruel persecution. His desire for free thought and his painful struggle under this oppressive system are conveyed to readers through first-person narration without reservation. Following Winston's experience, readers deeply feel the distortion and destruction of human nature by capitalist totalitarian rule, and thus have a strong aversion and criticism of this social form. This emotion gradually accumulates and may prompt readers to form radical anti-capitalist views. - Many autobiographical novels that describe the struggle of the lower classes in capitalist society also adopt a similar approach. The author uses personal experience to tell how unemployment, poverty, disease and other difficulties are aggravated under the capitalist system, allowing readers to see through the cruelty and irrationality of the capitalist system from individual suffering, and arouse readers' doubts about the entire capitalist system. - **Reflection on capitalist values** - Salinger's "The Catcher in the Rye" uses the first-person narration of the protagonist Holden to show a teenager's rebellion against the hypocrisy and utilitarian values of capitalist society. Holden is out of tune with school and society. He hates the behavior of people around him pursuing money, status and false image. Through his perspective, readers see the erosion of human innocence by capitalist values, and thus reflect on the drawbacks of this value system, and then criticize the capitalist society that breeds this value system, which may push readers to a more radical position against capitalism and think about establishing a more humane social model. - This first-person narrative allows readers to closely experience the protagonist's resistance to capitalist values, inspire readers to re-examine these concepts, guide readers to deny capitalism from the bottom of their hearts, and lay the ideological foundation for the formation of radical anti-capitalist views. ### 3. Absurd narrative reveals the essence - **Presentation of absurd phenomena in capitalist society** - Kafka's "Metamorphosis" constructs an absurd world. The protagonist Gregor wakes up and turns into a big beetle, and his family and society's attitude towards him changes dramatically. This absurd plot is actually a profound metaphor for the indifferent and utilitarian relationship between people in capitalist society. In capitalist society, people are driven by material desires and money, and emotional relationships such as family affection and friendship are distorted, just as Gregor was regarded as a burden and trouble by his family after his transformation. Through such absurd stories, readers can gain a deeper insight into the irrationality and alienation of capitalist society, and thus develop a critical attitude towards it. As they think more deeply, they may come to a position of opposing the capitalist social order. - Many modernist literary works use absurd narrative techniques. For example, some novels depict people trapped in a meaningless cycle of material pursuits under the influence of capitalist consumer culture, and their lives become empty, boring and full of absurdity, revealing the spiritual crisis of capitalist society, prompting readers to reflect on the dissolution of the meaning of human life by the capitalist development model, and thus stimulating readers' negative emotions towards capitalism as a whole. - **On the logic of capitalism