The scheme provided below is only a theoretical conception, and its content is based on some preliminary research results in the field of anti-aging and gene editing. It should be emphasized that any experiment involving human genome modification must undergo strict ethical, legal and safety review. At present, many technologies are still in the basic research stage, and the aging process is extremely complex. Single intervention may bring unexpected side effects. The following scheme is for academic discussion only and should not be used as a practical guide. ──────────────────────────────── 【Overall idea】 Use gene editing (such as CRISPR/Cas9, base editing or Prime Editing, etc.) to precisely modify key genes that regulate aging and cell homeostasis, aiming to extend cell lifespan, improve tissue regeneration capacity, and reduce the risk of functional disorders associated with aging. The scheme is advanced in stages from in vitro cell studies to animal models and then to carefully designed human trials. ──────────────────────────────── 【Specific composition of the plan】 1. Screening and verification of target genesa. Literature research and data mining: • Conduct a systematic investigation on known lifespan regulation-related genes, such as genes regulating telomerase (TERT), FOXO transcription factor family, SIRT family and cell cycle regulatory genes (such as p16INK4a, p53, etc.). • At the same time, pay attention to the gene networks in DNA repair, antioxidant defense, inflammation regulation, mitochondrial function, protein homeostasis, etc., and design multi-factor regulation strategies. b. Preliminary in vitro validation: • Use human cells cultured in vitro to construct an aging model (such as replicative aging or stress-induced aging model), analyze the expression pattern of each key gene and its effect on cell lifespan and function. • Use RNA interference and overexpression technology for preliminary functional validation and determine the modification direction (knockout, activation or regulation of expression level). 2. Design of gene editing strategya. Selection of gene editing tools: • Select tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 for editing specific sites, and pay attention to high-fidelity Cas9 variants to reduce off-target effects. • For fine regulation, base editing or Prime Editing can be considered to precisely regulate gene function in cells without introducing double-strand breaks. b. Editing strategy: • For extending telomeres: design regulatory elements targeting the TERT promoter region or telomere binding proteins to achieve telomere dynamic balance. • For antioxidant and DNA repair pathways: regulate FOXO and SIRT gene expression to enhance the cell's ability to repair oxidative stress and DNA damage. • Multi-gene coordinated regulation: construct a joint editing system that simultaneously regulates multiple genes in cells, and use the regulatory network to delay the aging process. 3. In vivo validation and animal model research a. Establish animal models: • First, conduct gene editing experiments in short-lived animal models such as mice and zebrafish. Consider using tissue-specific promoters to control editing expression to avoid systemic risks. • Evaluate editing efficiency, off-target effects, long-term health status and potential tumor risk. b. Multi-level effect evaluation: • Analyze comprehensive indicators such as life span changes, organ function, and cognitive ability of animals in the intervention group and control group. • Conduct toxicity tests, immune response tests, and metabolic function monitoring to ensure that gene editing does not cause serious systemic disorders. 4. Transformation to clinical trials: a. Preclinical safety assessment: • Accumulate sufficient animal research data to evaluate the safety and long-term stability of gene editing. • Explore in vivo delivery systems (such as viral vectors and lipid nanoparticles) to ensure that editing tools can be accurately delivered in the human body. b. Human trial design (prospective, strict subject screening): • Specific subject populations (such as patients with certain genetic premature aging diseases at very high risk) should be selected for preliminary trials under strict ethical review. • Design phased clinical trials: Start with a small-scale Phase I safety trial and gradually expand to verify effectiveness and long-term safety. • At the same time, establish a long-term follow-up mechanism to closely monitor mutations, new tumors, and other unknown side effects that may be caused by editing. 5. Dual monitoring of technology and ethics a. Technical risk control: • Continuously optimize the accuracy, delivery efficiency, and tissue specificity of gene editing. • Establish a genetic monitoring system to promptly detect and respond to possible off-target events. b. Ethical and legal supervision: • Follow international ethical regulations and legal requirements for human gene editing throughout the process (such as the guidelines of the World Health Organization and domestic institutions). • Form an interdisciplinary team of experts (including molecular biologists, clinical physicians, ethicists, and legal experts) to jointly evaluate and dynamically adjust the research process. ──────────────────────────────── 【Conclusion and Prospect】 This program aims to provide a multi-level, interdisciplinary research framework for the application of gene editing in the field of anti-aging. The core is to identify key longevity genes and regulatory networks, use advanced gene editing technology to achieve precise regulation, and ensure safety through rigorous animal experiments and preclinical validation. Special attention should be paid to the following: • Aging is a complex biological process involving multiple factors and multiple mechanisms, and single-target intervention may not significantly extend lifespan; • Unknown risks that may be brought about by gene editing technology (such as causing cancer or other diseases) must be fully included in the assessment; • Ethical risks and social impacts must be fully considered in clinical applications to ensure that technological progress does not lead to unfair or uncontrollable consequences. In short, although gene editing technology theoretically provides unlimited possibilities for extending human life, its actual transformation into clinical applications still faces huge challenges and requires long-term basic research and strict supervision.