In theory, it is possible to develop “superbugs” that can survive extreme climates and be used to clean up pollution through biotechnology, but they face many challenges and limitations, and they are still in the stage of conception and research exploration. On the one hand, there are some potential ways in technology. Existing bacteria can be modified through biotechnology methods such as gene editing to give them the ability to adapt to extreme climatic conditions (such as high temperature, low temperature, high salt, high pH, etc.). For example, adjust the cell membrane composition of bacteria so that they can maintain fluidity at low temperatures, or enhance their ion transport mechanism that tolerates high-salt environments. On the other hand, there are many difficult problems. First of all, it is very difficult to carry out complex genetic modification of bacteria and ensure their stable inheritance and function. The performance of the modified bacteria may be unstable or produce unpredictable side effects. Secondly, the release and application of this “superbug” may bring ecological risks, such as unknown effects on other organisms in the natural ecosystem, causing new ecological balance problems. Moreover, for it to clean up pollution efficiently and specifically, it is also necessary to solve a series of technical problems such as how to make it enrich and function in a complex polluted environment in a targeted manner. In addition, ethical and regulatory considerations also need to be carefully considered to ensure that the application of biotechnology complies with safety and ethics.