To build a healthy and inclusive view of history, the goal should be to promote international understanding and peaceful coexistence, rather than to elevate oneself by belittling others. The core value of history education lies in cultivating students' critical thinking, diverse perspectives and global awareness, not narrow nationalism. Here are some suggestions for a more positive direction： ### 1. **Emphasize national achievements while recognizing global interaction** -It can highlight the unique contributions of the country in a particular historical period, but at the same time guide students to think about how these achievements are related to the exchange and reference of other civilizations. For example, the promotion of the world's science and technology by China's four major inventions can also discuss how other civilizations (such as Arabia and Europe) can develop on this basis. -Through comparative history, let students see the different solutions of different civilizations to similar problems, and cultivate the values of respect for diversity. ### 2. **Replace "confrontation and disparagement” with “cooperation and sharing”** -Replace ”zero-sum competition“ with the framework of ”common progress of mankind". For example, Zheng He's journey to the Atlantic can emphasize peaceful diplomacy and technological dissemination, rather than simply comparing the colonial expansion of the European maritime era. -Introduce historical cases of transnational cooperation (such as the Silk Road and the cross-cultural dissemination of scientific knowledge), and explain how mutual appreciation of civilizations promotes overall development. ### 3. **Cultivate critical thinking and historical material analysis skills** -Encourage students to independently analyze the complexity of historical events through the comparison of historical materials from multiple countries. For example, when discussing the Industrial Revolution, it not only affirms British innovation, but also analyzes the negative effects of its colonial expansion, while paying attention to China's technological accumulation during the same period (such as the Qing Dynasty). -Avoid a single narrative, provide the views of scholars from different countries, and allow students to understand the diversity of historical explanations. ### 4. **Relate to real-world global challenges** -Connect historical learning with today's global issues such as climate change and public health to illustrate the necessity of a community of human destiny. For example, international collaboration in the fight against epidemics can be compared to historical transnational epidemic prevention cooperation (such as smallpox prevention and treatment). ### 5. **Be wary of the risks of nationalist education** -One-sided emphasis on “national superiority” may lead to xenophobia. Cases of this kind in history (such as ultra-nationalism causing conflicts) are worth reflecting on. Education should convey the values of ”self-confidence rather than arrogance". ###Example: Reposition "Historical pride” -**The expression that is not advocated**: "Only we invented X, and other countries were still very backward at the time. ” -**A more open expression**: "Our ancestors made breakthroughs in the field of X, and at the same time the civilization of Y also made important contributions in the field of Z. Together, these achievements have enriched human knowledge. ” Ultimately, the goal of history education is to help students establish their identity and become citizens with a global perspective. True cultural self-confidence comes from a deep understanding of one's own traditions and respect for others, not from belittling others.